Europe runs short of Patriot missiles ahead of Russian winter attacks

European allies of Ukraine are nearing the limit of their stockpiles of interceptor missiles for Patriot systems that they can hand over to Kyiv without compromising their own air defense. Ukraine is trying to obtain hundreds more missiles ahead of the expected intensification of Russian strikes this winter, Politico reports.

The situation with PAC-3 and PAC-2 missiles is one of the most challenging. Germany has already provided Patriot systems and ammunition to Ukraine, but now Berlin must simultaneously balance Kyiv's needs, its own defense, and NATO commitments. A German defense ministry spokesman, Brigadier General Jürgen Schrödl, said the country is effectively reaching its limits on further deliveries.

Germany and several Nordic countries are urging other allies to step up supplies. Particular attention is being paid to Poland, Spain, and Greece, which have their own stocks of Patriot missiles. However, states closer to Russia are increasingly reluctant to reduce their reserves as they consider their existing air defense capabilities insufficient even for their own protection.

The problem is exacerbated by limited production of interceptors and shrinking American stockpiles. Most modern PAC-3 missiles are produced in the US, making it impossible to quickly make up for the shortfall using European capacity. Kyiv continues negotiations with allies on additional shipments, while new production programs cannot meet Ukraine’s needs before winter sets in.

President Volodymyr Zelensky previously stated that the necessary Patriot missiles exist worldwide, but their transfer to Ukraine depends primarily on the political decisions of partners. At the same time, Ukraine is working with European companies to develop its own anti-missile program called Freyja, though the first practical results are expected no earlier than 2026–2027.

The interceptor shortage becomes particularly critical against the backdrop of Russia's preparation for new massive strikes. In June, the European Council called for speeding up the production and transfer to Ukraine of air defense systems, missiles, and other priority weapons to protect the population, energy, and critical infrastructure.

Based on sources: Politico, Office of the President of Україна